An Interview With A Social Work Practitioner - 1243 Words

Evidence-based practice uses empirically supported interventions to provide clients with effective therapeutic treatments. There are four important areas to gather information from when engaging in evidence-based practice. These four areas include: scientific evidence, client’s needs, clinical expertise, and service context. As students, our clinical expertise is still growing; therefore, it is valuable to reach out to practitioners with experience in our area of study. My main learning circle topic is depressive disorders and my sub-topic is depressive disorders in elementary aged children. This paper will discuss the information gathered from an informative interview with a social work practitioner who has experience in working with children and depression. I conducted an email interview correspondence with Dr. Elizabeth Anthony who has extensive education and experience with youth under 18. Dr. Anthony is currently an associate professor in the School of Social Work at Ariz ona State University. She teaches courses, conducts research, and acts as an advisor. She has a Masters in Counseling Psychology and a Masters of Social Work as well as a PhD in Social Work. Dr. Anthony has several trainings that are applicable to the treatment of elementary-aged children with depressive disorders. She received a clinical training from the Beck Institute in Philadelphia for Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Children and Adolescents. Additionally, she received clinical and researchShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And The Public Relations Industry1635 Words   |  7 Pages The Use of Social Media in the Public Relations Industry As technology advances, social media has become more prominent in the public relations (PR) industry. Many PR practitioners now utilize social media to interact with their publics, in attempts to have strong two-way symmetrical communication and build relationships with them. I chose the topic of â€Å"The Use of Social Media in the PR Industry† because I have a great interest in how practitioners use this newly developed communication mechanismRead MoreHow Do Early Childhood Practitioners Use Research Techniques Develop Their Understanding Of Children s Needs And Development1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe present work analyses the findings of an interview to a practitioner, with the purpose to find out How do Early Childhood Practitioners use research techniques to develop their understanding of children’s needs and development. The practitioner interviewed is an Assistant Teacher in a nursery. She is working with children 3 to 4 years old. She has Level 2 and 3 In Early Childhood Studies and another courses that complete her education. 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Nine out of 12 interview participants agreed that most stakeholders would prefer social media for an organization’sRead MoreEthical Issues in Social Networking851 Words   |  4 PagesWhen social networking becomes a topic of discussion, everyone sees it as a web based interaction between human beings in order to stay in contact. However, many are not aware that social networks actually operates on different levels. (Nanda, n.d.) outlines, quite some time ago, when there were limited means of communication, social networking happens at functions where friends and family get together under one roof. Social networking has always been common but as for now, the way it is conductedRead MoreNegative Attitudes Of Mental Health768 Words   |  4 Pages The majority of research has found that negative attitudes in mental he alth practitioners and the general public towards individuals with severe mental illness can hinder proper treatment. Corrigan (2004) stated that persons with mental illness would avoid seeking treatment due to feelings of shame. Hugo (2001) stated that the negative attitudes of mental health practitioners towards consumers, or individuals who have at one point experienced mental illness, is often projected onto the consumerRead MoreProfessional Interview : Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies1543 Words   |  7 PagesProfessional Interview There is no better way of learning about a future role or positions, then getting opinions and viewpoints from someone who has experience your field of study. Having other’s viewpoints and critiques can be important to your decision making process related to pros and cons of that particular field of choice. This enables you to gain perspective and insight of job duties, and a viewpoint of the real environment. Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies Nurse Practitioner Core CompetenciesRead MoreWhy Men Choose Different Childcare Sectors1392 Words   |  6 Pages4.0 Methodology 4.1 Principles This small scale research project aimed to consider and highlight why men choose different childcare sectors, in addition gathered the views of female practitioners on this question. The underlying principle for this research originated from the extensive research carried out prior and during this process, and the interest into this subject area from first hand experiences which resulted in the literature review and the rationale behind the research project. 4.2Read MoreSocial Injustice : A Devastating And Crippling Effect On Persons948 Words   |  4 Pages Social injustice can have a devastating and crippling effect on persons, both physically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Injustice carries with it the potential to trigger life events that negatively affect individuals’ health, lifestyle, and relationships with family members, friends, and the workplace (Hays Erford, 2014). Currently, in the United States, there are many and more individuals and groups who struggle to overcome past and present prejudices in the areas of housing, education

The Violence And Police Brutality Essay - 932 Words

I grew up in an urban environment and many times were faced with much adversity. I’ve seen depression, drug addiction, violence and police brutality. There are many past events that I’ll never forget so whenever I see or hear certain things I get emotional. The reason for getting emotional is because the connection to the past. According to â€Å"Black Rage in New Orleans† as â€Å"African Americans grew in the nation’s cities, it did not take long for white officers to develop an â€Å"us versus them† mentality as they encountered African Americans on a daily basis. Consequently, they were often ready to let African Americans know who was in charge by utilizing any and all methods of police repression. Consequently, the term police brutality was all encompassing to African Americans during the postwar period. It included police homicides; unlawful arrests; assaults; threatening and abusive language; the use of racial slurs†. For example, Eric Gardner, an American man from New York were choked to death by a New York police officer. New York Times report that he was shoved to the ground gasping for air, panicking â€Å"I can’t breathe†. Eric Gardner was a victim of police brutality and like many other victims didn’t get any justice for the murder. CNN leaked footage of Eric Gardner being murdered and after seeing it I got emotional. The connection of constantly seeing police brutality and nothing being done about it made me frustrated. Another example is the power of music andShow MoreRelatedThe Violence Of Police Brutality907 Words   |  4 Pagesit is crucial to note that police brutality is not synonymous to racism against a particular group. However, there is a stigma that police often racially profile a specific African Americans. In February 2015, two cases of police brutality did not involve African Americans; instead the two victims were a Hispanic shot and killed in Washington State and an Indian-American severely paralyzed in Alabama. Even with this considered, of late, a majority of police brutality cases have involved minoritiesRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality1046 Words   |  5 PagesEverywhere you look there is a new video or story of police brutality. These stories fill the news and cog everyone’s social network feeds. At the same time the president is giving a speech on the topic, thousands of people are marching with â€Å"Black Lives Matter† as their battle cry. We all know the names Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Freddie Gray. How can our society continue with this devastation done to us by the people meant to protect us? How could anyone let it become this atrocious? The simpleRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality1407 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality has been going on for quite some time now and it has caused many of the violence we see nowadays. A lot of police brutality is heard to be caused by racism. Althou gh it may seem like logical thinking, people need to realize poverty may get a person to be mentally ill. A mentally ill person cannot always control themselves, and they can hurt others with no reason. Police deal with these people and after time working as officers they become paranoid, and respond aggressively in situationsRead MoreThe Violence And Police Brutality1255 Words   |  6 Pagesremember a conversation not too long ago with a friend. We were discussing the gang violence and police brutality that has recently caught the media attention. This stuff has been going on for years, if not decades and we couldn’t understand why some people still were negative towards the Black Lives Matter movement. After that talk I was inspired to write about the violence in my community, South Side Chicago. The violence in Chicago is a something that has remain fresh with me but has slowly gain awarenessRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality2355 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"HANDS UP! DON’T SHOOT!† The Rise of Police Brutality â€Å"I can’t breathe! I can’t breathe!† These were the last words of Eric Garner, a middle-aged African American man. Garner died at the hands of multiple police officers who were trying to restrain him for selling cigarettes. These sorts of images are showcased on television way too often. To the point that some people feel helpless, they know that they alone do not have the power to overthrow the superiority of an officer. So they have really noRead MorePolice Brutality And Police Violence Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality and police militarization have become a hot topic in the United States of America. There are many cases where police officers motives are being questioned, leading the public into an uproar. Just to name a few of these cases, we have Micheal Brown from Fegurson, Missouri, that started it all, which took place on Augest 19th, 2014. We also have Eric Garner from New York, taking place July of 2014. July of 2016, Alton Sterling of Baton Rouge and Walter Scott from South Carolina inRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality964 Words   |  4 PagesKillings among young men of color has risen in these past few years during altercations with the police. African-American and Latin-American men are dying for reasons such as rush of judgement and possible acts of racism. These acts that are being committed are considered the term of police brutality. Police officers seem to be shooting unarmed men of color as the ultimate solution when being confronted with these altercations. These three examples I will provide will show how many young minorityRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pagescitizens receive from the police in addition to how the citizens interact with police. Video footage has shown police brutality that is sometimes questionable, which often dictates on the how the community views them by causing tension. Accusations of Police brutality is nothing new but it isnâ€⠄¢t until recently that it is being recorded and it is difficult to correct the actions of someone if there is not enough evidence provided. Recent advancements in technology police accountable for their actionsRead MoreThe Violence Of Police Brutality Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 9, 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri, an 18 year old boy named Michael Brown was fatally shot by police officer, Darren Wilson. The circumstances of the shooting resulted in protests and a vigorous debate between the relationship between law enforcement and civilians. Many people have been demanding body cameras for police in hopes of minimizing the number of incidences of police brutality around the U.S. The footage may support or implicate officers, like Wilson, whose actions are in questionRead MorePolice Brutality And Gun Violence1303 Words   |  6 PagesHistory or Ferguson Police brutality and gun violence that is associated with the police is continuing to be a topic that is constantly in the headlines. Gun violence is a huge problem in our society, but what is an even bigger problem is that most of the gun violence occurring these days is from our local police officers. George Wayne Smith wrote the article, â€Å"Blood Cries Out from the Ground: Reflections on Ferguson† with the hope of informing people of this type of violence. The article focuses

What Is Communication Theory free essay sample

Bibliographic Information Author by Shirley Tyler, Christopher Kossen and Charmaine Ryan (1999) Book Title Communication: a foundation course Published by Prentice Hall Australia, 1998 Article Title Chapter 2 What is Communication theory? Erskineville, NSW: Pearson Education Australia Page 8-31 What is Communication theory? Summary Of Reading Purpose The purpose of this reading is to give readers an appreciation of the complexity that is involved in a communication process. Their principal components and competencies involved, the authors also discuss and shed light on the array of theories and concepts widely available, their pros and cons when being used in the communication process. Expounding on the processes of communication theory models, their strengths and weaknesses, and the areas or circumstance that will benefit from their application. Humans are creatures of perception; likewise in a communication process perception is imbedded into its very core. Perception is what helps one to determine what is being communicated and make sense out of what is being seen or heard. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Communication Theory? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some important aspects of decoding perception is through task and audience analysis, which helps to make the work of communication much more manageable, efficient and effective. The authors aim at giving the readers an understanding of the communication process by relating and drawing parallels to real life situations. Thus giving the readers an insight of what is involved and how best to communicate a given task or assage to a given audience. Article Focus To understand Communication Theory we need to first look into the terms communication and theory. Communication is the act of exchanging thoughts, messages, or information by usage of speech, signals, writing, or behavior. It can be in spoken or unspoken words, in the way a body moves, in a scent, in an expression or just in a touch. Communication can be an abstract form of art or to some a science that can be explain. Very much like the quote that is being used in this article by the authors from Barker. ?defining communication is similar to trying to define love. Intuitively, you feel you understand it, but its difficult to put into words. [and that]? communication theorists have never completely agreed on a single definition of communication. (Baker 1984, p5) Abstract from Communication: A Foundation Course, Tyler, Kossen and Ryan p9 With all said the purpose of communication is the ability to comprehend and express an idea, a message or a thought. It is an exchange of knowledge and information, in order for communication to be effective; the authors introduce and explore some of the communications theories in this chapter. Before we look into the different theories, let us look into and understand the idea of a theory. Theory is a clarification or explanation; theories can be a principle or idea that is proven or not proven. It can be base on a belief or an assumption to explain certain things around us. The four theories of communication that being mention in this chapter includes: 1. The Linear Process Model 2. The Interactive Process Model 3. The Transactional Process Model 4. The Structuralist Perspective The Linear Process Model is a well-known model of communication developed by Shannon and Weaver in 1949, as the typical example of a transmission model of communication; this model reduces communication to a process of transmitting information. However some commentators have claimed that the Shannon and Weavers model has a much wider application to human communication than a purely technical one. Theory 1: The Linear Process Model The components of the Linear Models are: Senderthe source Receiverthe destination Messagethe information Code the form the message takes Channelthe means or medium used Noise physical interference, for example sound light etc. Abstract from Communication: A Foundation Course, Tyler, Kossen and Ryan p16 The Linear Model is the best-known example of the informational approach to communication. It is also the most influential model of communication; which has yet been developed, as it reflects a commonsense understanding of what communication is. The Shannon and Weavers model reflects, that communication consists of a Sender passing a Message to a Receiver, this message has a form- code and is passed through a middle also know as channel before reaching the receiver. Noise is a dysfunctional factor: any interference to the message traveling along the channel that may lead to the message received being different from that sent. Theory 2: The Interactive Process Model The Interactive Process Model looks into the weakness of the Linear Model which views communication as a one-way process. In the Interactive Model it assumes that all communication is happening all the time because people will interpret aspects of behaviors and appearance regardless with or without intention. Unlike the Linear Model, the Interactive Model incorporates the notion of feedback; which indicates that the receiver is an active participator of the communication process by providing a responds, regardless of its form verbal or non-verbal. The Interactive Model like the Linear Model includes the idea of noise. However, in the Interactive Model the noise is further defined. Besides the physical noise, the Interactive Model also includes Psychological noise such as one emotional, expectation, biases etc and Semantic noise such as a persons ability to comprehend and understand, semantic factors include the influence that culture have on an individual capacity to interpret what is being communicated. Theory 3: The Transactional Process Model The Transactional Process Model states that we receives and send information simultaneously when communicating. In this model, communication is an on going process and is constantly changing and taking shape, which is influence or tinted by our previous communication efforts. The Transactional Process Model also implies that when we communicate we are in some form of relationship with the receiver or sender, formally or informally. As a whole the Transactional Process Model gives a much wholesome view of communication. Theory 4: The Structuralist Perspective Structuralist Perspective is also known as Semiotics which classify signs or sign systems in relation to the way they are transmitted, depends on the use of codes that an individual sounds or letters means, the body movements that shows attitude or emotion, or as general as the clothes they wear. Other aspects of the communication covered in this article; includes perception and task analysis process, which help to make the work of communication more manageable. Comments Personally, I believe I have only cover the tip of the iceberg for this Article. Personally, I like the Transactional Process Model best out of all the other models and theories. While the Transactional Process Model is considered one of the more advance model of communication I believe that human communication is still evolving, changing and growing, for instance in this digital age communication over the internet has change greatly the way we relate to on another and even the form of our communication. References * Carey, James (1989): Communication as Culture. New York: Routledge (Chapter 1, A Cultural Approach to Communication) * Ellis, Russell Ann McClintock (1990): If You Take My Meaning: Theory into Practice in Human Communication.

Yanmamo Culture Essays - Yanomami, Napoleon Chagnon, Monogamy, War

Yanmamo Culture There are many differences between the South American Yanomamo culture and the North American culture that we have adapted to, but just at there is culture diversity between us, we have some similarities. The ethnography, which is chose, was "Yanomamo" written by Napoleon A. Chagnon, anthropologists. Chagnon tells us how to it was to live among the Yanomamo family, political and warfare system versus the American Culture. The Yanomamo are of patrilineal culture, male oriented and very sexist. For some reason they believe that, they are superior to women, so do some men in American culture. However, they are jolted back reality when the law gets involved, unfortunately Yanomamo men don't have this wake up call. Marriage is cross-cultural perspective. Yanomamo marriages are much different from that of American marriages. Yanomamo women are treated as materialistic objects and promised by their father or brother to a Yanomamo man in return for reciprocity. The reciprocity could be another Yanomamo women or political alliances. The trades are often practiced in the Yanomamo culture. Polygamy is also a part of the Yanomamo culture. Yanomamo women are kept in the male's possession. The Yanomamo man tries to collect as many wives as he possibly can in order to demonstrate his power and masculinity. As polygamy in American Culture is referred to as bigamy which is against the law. Besides, polygamy, the practice of infanticide plays a role in the lack of women in their society. Yanomamo prefer to parent a male child rather than a female child, so in case a female is born she is killed at birth. This again proved their sexist beliefs that women are inferior. Many Yanomamo women fearing their husbands kill a female infant to avoid disappointing their so-called"better half". To the people of American culture certain procedures of murdering a new born baby would be considered brutal, horrific and mutilation. But to the Yanomamo choking an infant to death with a vine, suffocating the infant by the placing a stick across her throat, or simply throwing the child against a tree and leaving it to suffer and then die is normal. Yet some Americans would also suggest that abortion is just like murder also, so what's the difference! When an acceptable child is born into a Yanomamo family the mother breast-feeds him for a relatively long time. Children are nursed until they reach the age of at most, three or four. As long as the mother breast-feeds she is less likely to be fertile. This is a natural contraceptive. But if a new infant is born it will starve to death, because the older sibling would drink most of the milk, specially if it is a female infant. Male children grow up to be hunters and worriers. Female children although inferior (according to the Yanomamo) are valuable objects of trade and political alliances. A confusing aspect of the Yanomamo marriages is, even though polygamy is freely practiced so is monogamy but only for the women. Adultery, just like in American culture, is inexcusable to the Yanomamo. In this topic similarities make a breakthrough in both cultures. If relationship between an American woman and an American man goes putrescent and the woman becomes promiscuous violence is only expected by the man. The problem is assault and battery charges can get you into a lot of trouble, not to mention how much you would have to pay a lawyer. But Yanomamo mean get away with their violent retaliation for being disrespected because again there are no laws protecting Yanomamo women not that American women are always protected by the law, it's just a myth. The punishment for the Yanomamo women who is only suspected of having an affair with another man is being beaten with a club, burned, shot with a barbed arrow, or the man decides to detach a limb (ex. Arm, leg...) with an ax or machete. Even though it seems as though women are expendable is this culture she may have some one who would aid her if she needed help, her brothers. A Yanomamo women's endeavor and search for aid is not always successful espically if her brothers are in a remote village that you could reach if you walked for a couple of days. But if her brothers are around and close enough for some strange reason she might get a little more respect (not too much). Alliances or formal pacts between groups are incorporated through trade and feasting. The relationships between these two parties are strengthened when the exchange of

Fitzgerald essays

Fitzgerald essays > Francis Scott Fitzgerald had a wild and tragic life. Much of his life is not common knowledge to the average person and is definitely not taught in schools. If some of these interesting and funny anecdotes were given; F. Scott Fitzgerald would have a larger following and be comparable to the late Jim Morrison, the lead singer and songwriter of the classic rock band, The Doors. Morrison's works including poems and songs have been made into two anthologies. Both writers had an alcohol problem and had unstable relationships with their significant others. Fitzgerald's life is more interesting than Morrison's by far, though most of the younger generations do not read Fitzgerald for recreation like they listen to The Doors' music. After reading some biographies on Fitzgerald's life, it was clear how much of his real life he used in his literary works. This paper will touch on some of influences that are most obvious due to the time factor that this had to be created under. > Fitzgerald had many influences and inspirations in his short lifetime and used as much of his life experiences in his writing as he possibly could. He mostly used a few facts and elaborated the rest of the story with his own imagination. The majority involve his wife, Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, money, and alcohol with Princeton College and various role models thrown somewhere in the mix of ingredients for this literary legend. His colleague, Edmund Wilson, whom he met and became close friends with at Princeton, wrote an analysis of Fitzgerald in 1922 entitled "Literary Spotlight." Wilson claimed that Fitzgerald had three key influences: the Midwest, his Irishness and alcohol. Before sending his unsigned work to be submitted in March 1922's edition of Bookman, he sent it to Fitzgerald, who asked him to remove the drinking material along with an anecdote on his army days. Fitzgerald told Wilson that his only influence was Zelda. "The most enormous influence on me in the ...

Assisted Dying Essay

Assisted Dying Essay Assisted Dying Essay Assisted Dying PHI: 200 Mind and Machine July 23, 2012 Assisted Dying Physician-assisted dying and euthanasia are compromising dilemmas between what is forbidden and what should be acceptable when the dying is at the end-of-life cycle. The idea of accelerating death is a topic that generates disharmony for physicians, lawmakers and those involved in the palliative and end-of-life care circumstances. So is it inhumane to force the terminally-ill to suffer while they prefer to hastening death by a physician? According to Susan Wolf’s paper on her father’s death, she is one person would never want to accelerate the causing of death by euthanasia or assisted suicide. Let me start by stating my personal belief on this subject. I am a proponent of physician-assisted dying and euthanasia and believe that people have a right to a make decision, if capable, to longer go through treatment and end their life peacefully. I stand firm behind my statement assuming that the terminally-ill patient has been presented with every possible option available to them and comes to their own decision to end pain and suffering through assisted dying. So I try to place myself in Susan’s position to see if I would respond in the same manner as her. It is quite the conundrum. It becomes difficult for me to imagine sitting by a loved one’s bedside watching them suffer every day and not support their conscious choice to end their life. Although death is not difficult for me to grasp, I do not think I could have any part in the facilitation of dying other than respecting their decision. Who is for me to say that a person should take every medical option possible to prolong the inevitable? But with the decision to let people take control of their own life, who will then will take the burden to assist in the process†¦an answer I do not have. I feel that Susan lacked accountability in her duty as a designated proxy decision-maker when she realized the health professionals poorly informed her father about maintaining comfort after termination of artificial nutrition and hydration. She made no notion to help him understand what information she was aware of to help him understand his options. She quotes, â€Å"convinced now that he had no choice, my father soldiered on† (Wolf, 2008, p. 24). Perhaps it was for selfish reasons or held onto the idea that it seemed like a story with conflicting versions and possible trajectories (Wolf, 2008, p. 24). Perhaps she held on to tight to her ethical beliefs and left it to the professionals to answer for his slow progression in death. My response to this is that first, I am a strong proponent of ending suffering to all sentient beings. If an incident occurred were information was held from my loved one or presented in an unclear manner, it would be my duty to ensure I bring in additional resources to help communicate options that would cease suffering. Regardless of my personal stance on assisted dying, I feel a stronger sense to collect, research, and bridge any gap of communication that could help someone. Although there could be some missing pieces to this

The Theme of Clothing in Shakespeare's Cymbeline Essay

The Theme of Clothing in Shakespeare's Cymbeline - Essay Example After putting on Posthumus’ clothes in a futile attempt to lure his wife, Cloten declares â€Å"How fit his garments serve me! Why should his mistress, who was made by him that made the tailor, not be fit to?† (4.1 1-4), he underlines the importance of one of Shakespeare’s primary themes in Cymbeline: clothing.Cloten’s continuous comparison of the tailor to a creator, most likely a rude joke about Posthumus, points to the complexity ingrained in Shakespeare’s portrayal of clothing, disguise, and costume. Out rightly, the demureness of the play is founded on several fronts. In some cases it can be found within the language used by the characters, bringing out the significance of clothing to symbolize status. In other cases, such as is the case with Imogen’s anger towards Clotenor Posthumus’s changing commitments on the battle front, a character’s dress outwardly displays the characters personalities and manipulates their actions. At points in the play, misleading masquerades move characters to rage and violence.Examples of this are Posthumus’s decision to have Imogen murdered and Cloten’s plan to rape Imogen, in other instances it allows them to see things more clearly as is the case with the battle episodes. The changing of clothes socially derogates characters and moves them towards improved self-awareness and self-fulfillment, most importantly, disguise appears as a not so shrouding cloak that, while concealing the identity of the characters, fails to mask their actual natures. Clothing and disguise function as a way for the characters to conceal and simultaneously reveal themselves to the audience. The frequency of language pertaining to garments is an obviousindication of the significance that clothing has in illustrating the themes of the play. Even before the introduction of disguises, Imogen ridicules Cloten with statements and metaphors relating to clothing. After Cloten intently seek s audience with Imogen by banging on her door, and consequently referring to himself as a gentleman, a Lady declares â€Å"That’s more/Than some whose tailors are as dear as yours Can justly boast of† (2.3 77-79). This part of the play illustrates the uselessness of Cloten’s character, this is quite apparent from the mockery he receives from the servant of Imogen’s court. By deriding his garb, the woman servant challenges Cloten’s ego and his hard held sense of entitlement. Cloten’s response is as scathing, and he chooses to further the clothing debate by drawing a comparison between dress and character, referring to Posthumus as â€Å"A hilding for a livery, a squire’s cloth/A pantler-not so eminent â€Å" (1. 120-121).Cloten, who is widely seen and referred to as an idiot, shows he is not without wit and possesses some skill in rhetoric, if not virtue, by redirecting the servant woman’s debate and continuing to make a point on Posthumus’ apparent insufficiency for the future throne. Imogen, however, seems to close this debate by furthering the metaphorical comparison on garments to include an abstract example, she holds that Posthumus’ â€Å"Meanest garment†¦is dearer in my respect than all the hairs above thee† (2.3 133-135). In conclusion, Imogen alters the discussion of clothing to oust Cloten. At the end of the scene, it becomes apparent that

PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION - A Contemporary Strategy of Display (Fine Case Study

PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBITION - A Contemporary Strategy of Display (Fine Art) - Case Study Example In the main, it involves both modern and postmodern art. Contemporary art always changes with time and maybe considered as the art of the span of a lifetime. In London, contemporary art originated in 1990. Through this, people could audition and purchase artwork from the museum (Wallace and Hirish). Media articles chose to refer to artwork from 2000 and on words as contemporary. Galleries on the hand are always reluctant to separate contemporary from non-contemporary in their work. In earlier times, sculptures, paintings, poetry, and architecture were forms of fine art. Currently, fine art also includes conceptual art, print making, film and photography. This study will analyse contemporary strategy of display and will base only on the photographic exhibitions in the white club gallery in London. Fine art photography refers to photographs created by artists to satisfy their creativity and their visions. Authors has described the white cube in terms of contemporary art opposed to design. The space of the white cubes blends with history of modernism. O’Doherty in his article about inside the white cube says, â€Å"We have now reached a point where we see not the art but the space first.† The white cube gallery has white walls, polished wooden floors, and asmooth grey carpet. Paintings are arranged in rows and bid pieces are on the walls. Sculptures are centrally located. The works of art are lit by spotlights and even fake pieces will be mistaken to be real at a first glance (Serandour, Saint-Loubert and O†Doherty, 2009). One the most common photographic images is the one by Darren almond. it captures the beauty of nature in some of the world’s most remote and deserted places. The artist ignores human presence and choses to symbolise the landscape with an aim of giving it more time to express itself. Each image is given its own space unlike traditional photographic images where more than one photograph was on the same

Hindustani classical music Essay Example for Free

Hindustani classical music Essay The tradition was born out of a cultural synthesis of several musical traditions: the Vedic chant tradition, dating back to more than three thousand years ago,the ancient Persian tradition of Musiqi-e assil, and various folk traditions prevalent in the region. It is traditional for performers who have reached a distinguished level of achievement to be awarded titles of respect; Hindus are usually referred to as pandit and Muslims as ustad. An aspect of Hindustani music going back to Sufi times is the tradition of religious neutrality: Muslim ustads may sing compositions in praise of Hindu deities, and vice versa. Around the 12th century, Hindustani classical music diverged from what eventually came to be identified as Carnatic classical music. The central notion in both these systems is that of a melodic mode or raga, sung to a rhythmic cycle or tala. The tradition dates back to the ancient Samaveda, (sÄ ma meaning ritual chant), which deals with the norms for chanting of srutis or hymns such as the Rig Veda. These principles were refined in the musical treatises Natya Shastra, by Bharata (2nd–3rd century CE), and Dattilam (probably 3rd–4th century CE). In medieval times, the melodic systems were fused with ideas from Persian music, particularly through the influence of Sufi composers like Amir Khusro, and later in the Moghul courts. Noted composers such as Tansen flourished, along with religious groups like the Vaishnavites. After the 16th century, the singing styles diversified into different gharanas patronized in different princely courts. Around 1900, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande consolidated the musical structures of Hindustani classical music, called ragas, into a number of thaats. Indian classical music has seven basic notes with five interspersed half-notes, resulting in a 12-note scale. Unlike the 12-note scale in Western music, the base frequency of the scale is not fixed, and intertonal gaps (temperament) may also vary; however, with the gradual replacement of the sarangi by the harmonium, an equal tempered scale is increasingly used. The performance is set to a melodic pattern called a raga characterized in part by specific ascent (aroha) and descent (avaroha) sequences, which may not be identical. Other characteristics include king (vadi) and queen (samavadi) notes and characteristic phrases (pakad). In addition each raga has its natural register (ambit) and portamento (meend) rules. Performances are usually marked by considerable improvisation within these norms. History Music was first formalized in India in connection with preserving the sruti texts, primarily the four vedas, which are seen as apaurasheya (meaning not created by man). Not only was the text important, but also the manner in which they had been enunciated by the immortals. Prosody and chanting were thus of great importance, and were enshrined in the two vedangas (bodies of knowledge) called shiksha (pronunciation, chants) and chhandas (prosody); these remained a key part of the brahmanic educational system till modern times. The formal aspects of the chant are delineated in the Samaveda, with certain aspects, e.g. the relation of chanting to meditation, elaborated in the Chandogya Upanishad (ca. 8th century BC). Priests involved in these ritual chants were called samans and a number of ancient musical instruments such as the conch (shankh), lute (veena), flute (bansuri), trumpets and horns were associated with this and later practices of ritual singing. Sanskritic tradition The Samaveda outlined the ritual chants for singing the verses of the Rigveda, particularly for offerings of Soma. It proposed a tonal structure consisting of seven notes, which were named, in descending order, krusht, pratham, dwitiya, tritiya, chaturth, mandra and atiswÄ r. These refer to the notes of a flute, which was the only fixed-frequency instrument. This is why the second note is called pratham (meaning first, i.e., produced when only the first hole is closed). Music is dealt with extensively in the Valmiki Ramayana. Narada is an accomplished musician, as is Ravana; Saraswati with her veena is the goddess of music. Gandharvas are presented as spirits who are musical masters, and the gandharva style looks to music primarily for pleasure, accompanied by the soma rasa. In the Vishnudharmottara Purana, the Naga king Ashvatara asks to know the svaras from Saraswati. The most important text on music in the ancient canon is Bharatas Natya Shastra, composed around the 3rd century CE. The Natya Shastra deals with the different modes of music, dance, and drama, and also the emotional responses (rasa) they are expected to evoke. The scale is described in terms of 22 micro-tones, which can be combined in clusters of four, three, or two to form an octave. While the term raga is articulated in the Natya Shastra (where its meaning is more literal, meaning colour or mood), it finds a clearer expression in what is called jati in the Dattilam, a text composed shortly after or around the same time as Natya Shastra. The Dattilam is focused on gandharva music and discusses scales (swara), defining a tonal framework called grama in terms of 22 micro-tonal intervals (sruti[3]) comprising one octave. It also discusses various arrangements of the notes (murchhana), the permutations and combinations of note-sequences (tanas), and alankara or elaboration. Dattilam categorizes melodic structure into 18 groups called jati, which are the fundamental melodic structures similar to the r aga. The names of the jatis reflect regional origins, for example andhri and oudichya. Music also finds mention in a number of texts from the Gupta period; Kalidasa mentions several kinds of veena (Parivadini, Vipanchi), as well as percussion instruments (mridang), the flute (vamshi) and conch (shankha). Music also finds mention in Buddhist and Jain texts from the earliest periods of the Christian era. Naradas Sangita Makarandha treatise, from about 1100 CE, is the earliest text where rules similar to those of current Hindustani classical music can be found. Narada actually names and classifies the system in its earlier form before the Persian influences introduced changes in the system. Jayadevas Gita Govinda from the 12th century was perhaps the earliest musical composition sung in the classical tradition called Ashtapadi music. In the 13th century, Sharngadeva composed the Sangita Ratnakara, which has names such as the turushka todi (Turkish todi), revealing an influx of ideas from Islamic culture. This text is the last to be mentioned by both the Carnatic and the Hindustani traditions and is often thought to date the divergence between the two. Medieval period: Persian influence The advent of Islamic rule under the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire over northern India caused considerable cultural interchange. Increasingly, musicians received patronage in the courts of the new rulers, who in their turn, started taking increasing interest in local music forms. While the initial generations may have been rooted in cultural traditions outside India, they gradually adopted many aspects from their kingdoms which retained the traditional Hindu culture. This helped spur the fusion of Hindu and Muslim ideas to bring forth new forms of musical synthesis like qawwali and khyal. The most influential musician of the Delhi Sultanate period was Amir Khusrau (1253–1325), sometimes called the father of modern Hindustani classical music.[4] A composer in Persian, Turkish, Arabic, as well as Braj Bhasha, he is credited with systematizing many aspects of Hindustani music, and also introducing several ragas such as Yaman Kalyan, Zeelaf and Sarpada. He created the qawwali genre, which fuses Persian melody and beat on a dhrupad like structure. A number of instruments (such as the sitar and tabla) were also introduced in his time. Amir Khusrau is sometimes credited with the origins of the khyal form, but the record of his compositions do not appear to support this. The compositions by the court musician Sadarang in the court of Muhammad Shah bear a closer affinity to the modern khyal. They suggest that while khyal already existed in some form, Sadarang may have been the father of modern khyal. Much of the musical forms innovated by these pioneers merged with the Hindu tradition, composed in the popular language of the people (as opposed to Sanskrit) in the work of composers like Kabir or Nanak. This can be seen as part of a larger Bhakti tradition, (strongly related to the Vaishnavite movement) which remained influential across several centuries; notable figures include Jayadeva (11th century), Vidyapati (fl. 1375 CE), Chandidas ( 14th–15th century), and Meerabai (1555–1603 CE). As the Mughal Empire came into closer contact with Hindus, especially under Jalal ud-Din Akbar, music and dance also flourished. In particular, the musician Tansen introduced a number of innovations, including ragas and particular compositions. Legend has it that upon his rendition of a night-time raga in the morning, the entire city fell under a hush and clouds gathered in the sky, and that he could light fires by singing the raga Deepak, which is supposed to be composed of notes in high octaves. At the royal house of Gwalior, Raja Mansingh Tomar (1486–1516 CE) also participated in the shift from Sanskrit to the local idiom (Hindi) as the language for classical songs. He himself penned several volumes of compositions on religious and secular themes, and was also responsible for the major compilation, the Mankutuhal (Book of Curiosity), which outlined the major forms of music prevalent at the time. In particular, the musical form known as dhrupad saw considerable development in his court and remained a strong point of the Gwalior gharana for many centuries. After the dissolution of the Mughal empire, the patronage of music continued in smaller princely kingdoms like Lucknow, Patiala, and Banaras, giving rise to the diversity of styles that is today known as gharanas. Many musician families obtained large grants of land which made them self sufficient, at least for a few generations (e.g. the Sham Chaurasia gharana). Meanwhile the Bhakti and Sufi traditions continued to develop and interact with the different gharanas and groups. Modern era Until the late 19th century, Hindustani classical music was imparted on a one-on-one basis through the guru-shishya (mentor-protà ©gà ©) tradition. This system had many benefits, but also several drawbacks; in many cases, the shishya had to spend most of his time serving his guru with a hope that the guru might teach him a cheez (piece or nuance) or two. In addition, the system forced the music to be limited to a small subsection of the Indian community. To a large extent it was limited to the palaces and dance halls. It was shunned by the intellectuals, avoided by the educated middle class, and in general looked down upon as a frivolous practice.[5] Then a fortunate turn of events started the renaissance of Hindustani classical music. First, as the power of the maharajahs and nawabs declined in early 20th century, so did their patronage. With the expulsion of Wajid Ali Shah to Calcutta after 1857, the Lucknavi musical tradition came to influence the music of renaissance in Bengal, giving rise to the tradition of Ragpradhan gan around the turn of the century. Also, at the turn of the century, two great stars emerged on the horizon: Vishnu Digambar Paluskar and Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande. Independent of each other, they spread Hindustani classical music to the masses in general, and the Marathi middle class in particular. These two gentlemen brought classical music to the masses by organizing music conferences, starting schools, teaching music in class-rooms, and devising a standardized grading and testing system, and by standardizing the notation system.[6] Vishnu Digambar Paluskar emerged as a talented musician and organizer despite having been blinded at age 12. His books on music, as well as the Gandharva Mahavidyalaya music school that he opened in Lahore in 1901, helped foster a movement away from the closed gharana system. Paluskars contemporary (and occasional rival) Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande recognized the many rifts that had appeared in the structure of Indian classical music. He undertook extensive research visits to a large number of gharanas, Hindustani as well as Carnatic, collecting and comparing compositions. Between 1909 and 1932, he produced the monumental four-volume work Hindustani Sangeetha Padhathi,[7] which suggested a transcription for Indian music, and described the many tradi tions in this notation. Finally,mit consolidated the many musical forms of Hindustani classical music into a number of thaats (modes), subsequent to the Melakarta system that reorganized Carnatic tradition in the 17th century. The ragas as they exist today were consolidated in this landmark work, although there are some inconsistencies and ambiguities in Bhatkandes system. In modern times, the government-run All India Radio, Bangladesh Betar and Radio Pakistan helped to bring the artists to public attention, countering the loss of the patronage system. The first star was Gauhar Jan, whose career was born out of Fred Gaisbergs first recordings of Indian music in 1902. With the advance of films and other public media, musicians started to make their living through public performances. As India was exposed to Western music, some Western melodies started merging with classical forms, especially in popular music. A number of Gurukuls, such as that of Alauddin Khan at Maihar, flourished. In more modern times, corporate support has also been forthcoming, as at the ITC Sangeet Research Academy. Meanwhile, Hindustani classical music has become popular across the world through the influence of artists such as Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan. Principles of Hindustani music The rhythmic organization is based on rhythmic patterns called tala. The melodic foundations are called ragas. One possible classification of ragas is into melodic modes or parent scales, known as thaats, under which most ragas can be classified based on the notes they use. Thaats may consist of up to seven scale degrees, or swara. Hindustani musicians name these pitches using a system called Sargam, the equivalent of the Western movable do solfege: Sa (Shadaj) = Do Re (Rishab) = Re Ga (Gandhar) = Mi Ma (Madhyam) = Fa Pa (Pancham) = So Dha (Dhaivat) = La Ni (Nishad) = Ti Sa (Shadaj) = Do Both systems repeat at the octave. The difference between sargam and solfege is that re, ga, ma, dha, and ni can refer to either Natural (shuddha) or altered Flat (komal) or Sharp (tivra) versions of their respective scale degrees. As with movable do solfege, the notes are heard relative to an arbitrary tonic that varies from performance to performance, rather than to fixed frequencies, as on a xylophone. The fine intonational differences between different instances of the same swara are called srutis. The three primary registers of Indian classical music are mandra (lower), madhya (middle) and taar (upper). Since the octave location is not fixed, it is also possible to use provenances in mid-register (such as mandra-madhya or madhya-taar) for certain ragas. A typical rendition of Hindustani raga involves two stages: Alap: a rhythmically free improvisation on the rules for the raga in order to give life to the raga and flesh out its characteristics. The alap is followed by a long slow-tempo improvisation in vocal music, or by the jod and jhala in instrumental music. Bandish or Gat: a fixed, melodic composition set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhavaj. There are different ways of systematizing the parts of a composition. For example: Sthaayi: The initial, rondo phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition. Antara: The first body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition. Sanchaari: The third body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in dhrupad bandishes Aabhog: The fourth and concluding body phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition, seen more typically in Dhrupad bandishes. There are three variations of bandish, regarding tempo: Vilambit bandish: A slow and steady melodic composition, usually in largo to adagio speeds. Madhyalaya bandish: A medium tempo melodic competition, usually set in andante to allegretto speeds. Drut bandish: A fast tempo melodic composition, usually set to allegretto speed or faster. Hindustani classical music is primarily vocal-centric, insofar as the musical forms were designed primarily for vocal performance, and many instruments were designed and evaluated as to how well they emulate the human voice. Types of compositions The major vocal forms or styles associated with Hindustani classical music are dhrupad, khyal, and tarana. Other forms include dhamar, trivat, chaiti, kajari, tappa, tap-khyal, ashtapadis, thumri, dadra, ghazal and bhajan; these are folk or semi-classical or light classical styles, as they often do not adhere to the rigorous rules of classical music. Dhrupad Main article: Dhrupad Dhrupad is an old style of singing, traditionally performed by male singers. It is performed with a tambura and a pakhawaj as instrumental accompaniments. The lyrics, some of which were written in Sanskrit centuries ago, are presently often sung in brajbhasha, a medieval form of North and East Indian languages that was spoken in Eastern India. The rudra veena, an ancient string instrument, is used in instrumental music in dhrupad. Dhrupad music is primarily devotional in theme and content. It contains recitals in praise of particular deities. Dhrupad compositions begin with a relatively long and acyclic alap, where the syllables of the following mantra is recited: Om Anant tam Taran Tarini Twam Hari Om Narayan, Anant Hari Om Narayan. The alap gradually unfolds into more rhythmic jod and jhala sections. These sections are followed by a rendition of bandish, with the pakhawaj as an accompaniment. The great Indian musician Tansen sang in the dhrupad style. A lighter form of dhrupad, called dhamar, is sung primarily during the festival of Holi. Dhrupad was the main form of northern Indian classical music until two centuries ago, when it gave way to the somewhat less austere khyal, a more free-form style of singing. Since losing its main patrons among the royalty in Indian princely states, dhrupad risked becoming extinct in the first half of the twentieth century. However, the efforts by a few proponents from the Dagar family have led to its revival and eventual popularization in India and in the West. Some of the best known vocalists who sing in the Dhrupad style are the members of the Dagar lineage, including the senior Dagar brothers, Nasir Moinuddin and Nasir Aminuddin Dagar; the junior Dagar brothers, Nasir Zahiruddin and Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar; and Wasifuddin, Fariduddin, and Sayeeduddin Dagar. Other leading exponents include the Gundecha Brothers, who have received training from some of the Dagars. Leading vocalists outside the Dagar lineage include the Mallik family of Darbhanga tradition of musicians; some of the leading exponents of this tradition were Ram Chatur Mallick, Siyaram Tiwari, and Vidur Mallick. A section of dhrupad singers of Delhi Gharana from Mughal emperor Shah Jahan’s court migrated to Bettiah under the patronage of the Bettiah Raj, giving rise to the Bettiah Gharana.[8] Bishnupur Gharana, based in West Bengal, is a key school that has been propagating this style of singing since Mughal times. Khyal Main article: Khyal Khyal is a Hindustani form of vocal music, adopted from medieval Persian music and based on Dhrupad. Khyal, literally meaning thought or imagination in Hindustani, is unusual as it is based on improvising and expressing emotion. A Khyal is a two- to eight-line lyric set to a melody. The lyric is of an emotional account possibly from poetic observation.[clarification needed] Khyals are also popular for depicting the emotions between two lovers, situations of ethological significance in Hinduism and Islam, or other situations evoking intense feelings. Th importance of the Khyals content is for the singer to depict, through music in the set raga, the emotional significance of the Khyal. The singer improvises and finds inspiration within the raga to depict the Khyal. The origination of Khyal is controversial, although it is accepted that this style was based on Dhrupad and influenced by Persian music. Many argue that Amir Khusrau created the style in the late 16th century. This form was popularized by Mughal Emperor Mohammad Shah, through his court musicians. Some well-known composers of this period were Sadarang, Adarang, and Manrang. [edit]Tarana Main article: Tarana Another vocal form, taranas are medium- to fast-paced songs that are used to convey a mood of elation and are usually performed towards the end of a concert. They consist of a few lines of poetry with soft syllables or bols set to a tune. The singer uses these few lines as a basis for fast improvisation. The tillana of Carnatic music is based on the tarana, although the former is primarily associated with dance. Tappa Main article: Tappa Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music whose specialty is its rolling pace based on fast, subtle, knotty construction. It originated from the folk songs of the camel riders of Punjab and was developed as a form of classical music by Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori or Shori Mian, a court singer for Asaf-Ud-Dowlah, the Nawab of Awadh. Nidhubabur Tappa, or tappas sung by Nidhu Babu were very popular in 18th and 19th-century Bengal. Among the living performers of this style are Laxmanrao Pandit, Shamma Khurana, Manvalkar, Girija Devi, Ishwarchandra Karkare, and Jayant Khot. Thumri Main article: Thumri Thumri is a semi-classical vocal form said to have begun in Uttar Pradesh with the court of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah, (r. 1847–1856). There are three types of thumri: poorab ang, Lucknavi and Punjabi thumri. The lyrics are typically in a proto-Hindi language called Brij Bhasha and are usually romantic. Some recent performers of this genre are Abdul Karim Khan, the brothers Barkat Ali Khan and Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Begum Akhtar, Girija Devi, Beauty Sharma Barua, Nazakat-Salamat Ali Khan, Prabha Atre, Siddheshwari Devi, and Shobha Gurtu. Ghazal Main article: Ghazal Ghazal is an originally Persian form of poetry. In the Indian sub-continent, Ghazal became the most common form of poetry in the Urdu language and was popularized by classical poets like Mir Taqi Mir, Ghalib, Daagh, Zauq and Sauda amongst the North Indian literary elite. Vocal music set to this mode of poetry is popular with multiple variations across Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia, Turkey, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Ghazal exists in multiple variations, including semi-classical, folk and pop forms. Instrumental music The Royal Musicians of Hindustan circa 1910: Ali Khan, Inayat Khan, Musheraff Khan and Maheboob Khan Although Hindustani music clearly is focused on the vocal performance, instrumental forms have existed since ancient times. In fact, in recent decades, especially outside South Asia, instrumental Hindustani music is more popular than vocal music, partly due to a somewhat different style and faster tempo, and partly because of a language barrier for the lyrics in vocal music. A number of musical instruments are associated with Hindustani classical music. The veena, a string instrument, was traditionally regarded as the most important, but few play it today and it has largely been superseded by its cousins the sitar and the sarod, both of which owe their origin to Persian influences. Other plucked or struck string instruments include the surbahar, sursringar, santoor, and various versions of the slide guitar. Among bowed instruments, the sarangi, esraj and violin are popular. The bansuri, shehnai and harmonium are important wind instruments. In the percussion ensemble, the tabla and the pakhavaj are the most popular. Various other instruments have also been used in varying degrees.

Essay --

Anna Sampson Mr. Sharbatz Sophomore English B 3 March 2014 Friendship What is true friendship? â€Å"It is putting someone else first. It is being strictly honest, loyal, and chaste in every action. Perhaps it is the word commitment that unlocks the real meaning of friendship.† (Dalton). That is the essence of a true friend, someone that is always there for you. Though friendship is not easy, it can fall apart a lot easier. Good friendships can be affected from betrayal, distance, and differences in class. Betrayal some may say is â€Å"the most devastating loss a person can experience† (Frank). Especially when it comes from someone who is special like a friend and someone who trust is embedded within.The novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini has numerous examples of friendship issues within it. In The Kite Runner Baba and Ali are friends, but once Baba betrays Ali by sleeping with his wife their friendship suffers greatly and never quite recovers (Hosseini 222). Betrayal is something that cannot easily be recovered from, something that changes two people’s relationship forever. Ano...

Handling Multicultural Environment Essay

Any single culture is multidimensional, and in this time of globalization, people belonging to various cultures are sharing common workplace where they are bound to interact with one another. This situation certainly calls for a thorough training on cultural competency for all members of any multicultural organization, and especially for the managers who have the job to unify all employees’ aims and aspirations with the goals of their company. Such a task is easier said than done; as there is plethora of instances where cultural difference has shattered the dreams of the company. However, there is no dearth of opposite instances too, where successful implementation of multicultural philosophy has brought in sustainable competitive advantage for the companies. In either way, this state of affairs substantiates the importance of seriously considering â€Å"organization as culture† and adopting right steps to achieve the status of a true-blue multicultural organization. With this point of view, this paper explores how the organizations can impart quality training to their managers, besides evaluating the efficacy of the established theories/ideas on this issue, before reaching its own conclusion. Multicultural Environment Any workplace comprising of employees from more than one culture can be called a multicultural organization. Here the word â€Å"culture† contains several interpretation, though in general, it speak about a package of perception, belief and acquired behavioral process, containing elements like â€Å"learned and shared values, beliefs and behaviors to a particular group of people† (Yamashita, 2004). On the other hand, multiculturalism is a â€Å"Doctrine asserting value of different cultures coexisting within single society; globally, vision of cultural diversity deliberately fostered and protected† (Globalization, 2000). In plain words, it is a concept of aligning various cultures to serve a common purpose. Common Problems in Multicultural Environment Problems occur when cultural difference and consequently, difference in perception about a particular issue/act/custom/or policy stands between the individuals or groups. Such situations can occur anytime at any multicultural set up, which can begin with little differences like meaning of a word, eating habits, or religious practice, whatever, and that can fuel a bigger set of difference, if not timely diffused. For example, the word, â€Å"monkey† contains hint of racism in some parts of the world, while it is only a simple definition of primate in the other. Now if someone from that special part of the world is called a monkey, s/he might react furiously, no matter how innocent the caller is. Understandably, such channel noises , are the outcome of one’s ignorance about others’ culture. Specific Problems in Multicultural Environment This takes place when cultural difference puts spanner in the process of work. This too, can emerge out of various situations like managers’ or employees’ biases about their culture, or from ignorance about â€Å"what means what†. It is not uncommon for a manager to find difficulty in catering a multicultural audience at one go, if some of the members do not understand managers’ spoken language, or their idioms sound idiotic to their ears. This again points towards the importance of grooming to the tune of multicultural philosophy. Theories for Help No matter how much humans developed their science and technology, they are yet to discover a device that would be able to interpret one’s thought for another. It is for this reason, the age-old art and science of effective communication still works wonders for every sphere of life and it is in fact the oxygen of any multicultural organization. Thus it would be pertinent to mention about two such theories out of many, to explain how theories can save the day for the managers of multicultural organizations. What these theories do is, they form the foundation of understanding among humans, which is the prime condition to rise above any cultural biases and to accept the fact that humans are all equal at their basements. ERG Theory This is an improvised version of Abraham Maslow’s (1908-1970) famous model of Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow’s, 2008), created by Clayton Alderfer after prolonged research, which adds more flexibility in determining the needs of an individual, which it does by reorienting the elements from Maslow’s model into three segments like Existence (E) – It involves physiological and safety needs. Relatedness (R) – It contains social and external esteem needs. Growth (G) – Self-actualization and internal esteem needs. (ERG, 2007). Clayton’s model allows to set the order of needs according to the existing need structure of an employee, besides providing the scope to pursue different needs simultaneously. Accordingly, company can motivate any individual on any of the E, R or G needs – while looking after an individual’s E need (say, where an employee needs a safety measure), the company can look after the same individual’s R needs (like awarding her for her achievement) and G needs (inducting the individual in the think tank of the department). Expectancy Value Theory Founded by Martin Fishbein in the 1970-s, suggesting that people â€Å"mould themselves to the world in accordance with their expectations/beliefs and evaluations† (Expectancy, 2004). This serves as a pointer to the fact that behavior or behavioral intentions or attitudes evolve out of expectancy and evaluation, where the expectancy is an idea about a situation or object and evaluation is one’s estimation about the impact of that idea/situation/object on any plane. Theories Groom Vision  If the entire team of a workplace can adopt a vision in the light of the Expectancy Value Theory, where they would ‘expect’ that they are devoted to the collective goal. Once armed with this vision, the following areas of communication would definitely take a new turn as the outcome of reorientation of one’s approach to the world: Intrapersonal communication: The vision would make the employee think like â€Å"I’m attached to an important organ of the society and thus I have more responsibility to meet its expectations†. Communication with clients: The vision will make the employees more patient and taking interest in communicating with clients belonging to another culture. Team Communication: There would be less conflict of ego or other minor areas of personal interests, as the greater cause will influence all members to align their approach towards the perceived goal (achieving high standards of service).

Essay Plan

The purpose of this assessment is to provide developmental feedback to help you to improve your performance on the final module examination which carries 100% of module marks. Each of the essay questions below will appear as a ‘seen' question on the forthcoming examination paper: engagement in this formative assessment task is therefore essential in your preparations for this. It is imperative that you complete this task to the best of your ability to optimism your level of performance on the doodle overall.Failure to engage with this task is likely to adversely affect your performance on the module. The task You are required to produce an essay plan of 500 words (excluding words In reference list). This should Include the following: 1. An Introduction of 200-250 words written In full with appropriate citations. 2. An outline of the main body which Includes a list of key Ideas/arguments, presented In a logical order Including Indication of key authors. Links to the question sho uld be highlighted to demonstrate relevance of Included material. 3.Outline of conclusion which summaries key points and links back to the question set. 4. Reference list In full which follows Harvard Referencing. You should select ONE of the following questions: A. Perspectives, Perceptions and Selections Outline the social exchange perspective on selection. In what ways does this develop our understanding of the selection process? B. Managing Performance Why Is performance management necessary In organizations? Critically assess the difficulties that arise In Its Implementation. BY MEETS You are required to produce an essay plan of 500 words (excluding words in reference list).This should include the following: 1. An introduction of 200-250 words written in full with appropriate citations. 2. An outline of the main body which includes a list of key ideas/arguments, presented in a logical order including indication of key authors. Links to the question should be highlighted to demo nstrate relevance of included material. 3. Outline of conclusion which summaries key points and links back to the question set. 4. Reference list in Why is performance management necessary in organizations? Critically assess the difficulties that arise in its implementation.

Physician-Assisted Suicide essays

Physician-Assisted Suicide essays The term "euthanasia" conjures up thoughts of the family pet having a dignified death, but it is not the same when it comes to loved ones and family members. While it may be accepted practice to end the suffering of an animal that cannot express its' wishes, it is not accepted practice to murder a suffering loved one, and that is what euthanasia, or physician- assisted suicide comes to - murder. There are two types of euthanasia in question in this debate, passive and active. Passive euthanasia is the act of allowing someone who is terminally ill to die, without intervening with medication or treatment to continue his or her life. Today, passive euthanasia is a reasonably common event in the United States. Families inform the doctor their loved one does not wish to continue on life support if there is no hope of recovery, or does not wish to suffer incessantly, and doctors remove all care and simply manage the pain of the patient until they pass away. This is the role of a physician, to manage the treatment of the patient, not to manage their murder. Active euthanasia, or physician-assisted suicide, is another matter. This is a form of murder, traceable back to the family and the physician. In this practice, a terminally ill patient actually takes their own life, sometimes on their own, and sometimes with the assistance of a physician. The well known "Dr. Death," Dr. Kevorkian, is a participant in and advocate of active euthanasia. However, physicians are supposed to be in the business of healing, not murder, and it goes against everything a physician has trained for to take part in physician-assisted suicide. It is ethically and morally reprehensible for a physician to take the life of his As with most contentious issues, there are great moral and ethical issues surrounding physician-assisted suicide. While it is hotly debated across the country, the issue ...

How to Major in Success by Following Your Passion

How to Major in Success by Following Your Passion If you’ve thought that getting good grades makes you a successful student, think again. In his book, Major in Success, Patrick Combs clearly outlines what being successful really means for students, no matter how old they are. The difference between mediocrity and greatness is not family or intelligence, Combs says, it’s extraordinary drive. How do you get extraordinary drive? It’s all about passion, baby, about discovering what it is you love to do. Combs suggests you: Admit what really interests youPinpoint your true aspirations (including the ones your family might not agree with)Discover the many jobs related to your interest (Combs shows you how) Feel your fears and do it anyway. What I really like about this book is that Combs anticipates the arguments against his ideas and answers them with helpful exercises that walk you through what he’s trying to get you to realize, experience, and act on. His own passion for helping others find their passion is evident. So many other books on success focus on more tangible advice, and that’s important too, but if underneath all that surface stuff your fire isn’t blazing, satisfaction is going to be hard won, if won at all. Trust your emotions, Combs writes. Choose enjoyment, satisfaction, and learning over dollars. He also suggests your best job may not be what you’re good at, and that life is very generous to those who follow their passions and pursue their dreams. I find that inspiring, not only for twenty-somethings just starting out, but also for those of us who have tried a career or three and are still searching for the one that brings us joy. The older we get, the more important that becomes. Combs provides plenty of exercises for discovering which job that might be. He also discusses: Power journalingDealing with fearSetting goalsChoosing the classes that really matterManaging time and stressFinding a coachNetworking in professional organizationsInterviewing effectively Major in Success is filled with practical advice about the things that really matter in life, the things that lead to true success. About the Author Patrick Combs is a best-selling author, inspirational speaker, and humorous entertainer. He is in the Motivational Speakers Hall of Fame and has an off-Broadway solo comedy act. You can lots of helpful stuff for students at goodthink.com, one of Patricks early sites where you will also find great tips on writing, speaking, and planning meetings. Google Patrick Combs and you will find him at patrickcombs.com and at livepassionate.com, the site for his company, MIGHT, an online tool and community that enables people to accomplish phenomenal results in record time. And, of course, you can find him everywhere on social media. I love it when I find a company that generously shares information that helps others succeed. Patricks company, Good Thinking Co., is one of those companies. Goodthink.com is filled with witty, inspiring quotations, movie lists, book lists, favorite essays, stories, videos, seminars, and links to other helpful sites. Patrick Combs has published two other books: Man 1, Bank 0 - the true story of one mans battle against his bankGearing Up (Inside and Out) for a Great Life You can pay a little extra for signed copy. Go forth and be successful. Theres an abundance of advice available and no excuse not to!

PROJECT ECONOMICS AND LAW Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

PROJECT ECONOMICS AND LAW - Coursework Example In the recent past, clients are increasingly looking for project managers that are able to deliver expected results. For this reason, it is vitally important for the managers to learn from past mistakes and strive to maintain a clean record with respect to successful project implementation and management. Among the projects that have been compounded by various challenges in the national history is the Scottish parliament project. This project belonged to the Scottish government and sought to construct a magnificent building to be used by the Scottish parliament. The project was initiated in 1998 and proposed to be completed by the dawn of the new century. However, budgetary concerns and other construction related complexities delayed its timely completion. Seemingly, the project failed dismally to meet the established project indices in light of duration and cost. This had various implications on all stakeholders. It underscored major contractual weaknesses that the country is grappling with. In order to ensure efficiency in the construction industry, these concerns need to be addressed accordingly. It is against this background that this paper provides an in depth report of the mode of failure of the contract, factors that contributed to the failure and the lessons learnt from this. To enhance a harmonic consideration, it begins by profiling the conditions of the project and appraising its effect on liability for failure. It then proceeds to detailing the nature of its failure and specific factors that contributed to this. It then concludes by discussing how the NEC contract could be used to address the experienced challenges. Relative recommendations would offer useful insights regarding how future failures would be avoided. This is at the core of the objectives of project management and thus recommendations would help in preventing future incidences of failure. The

Sexual Exploitation of Children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Sexual Exploitation of Children - Research Paper Example To be precise, these offences have created a huge impact on children’s developmental needs, which in turn, at a larger scale, may impose strong negative impacts on the society as well. Sexual abuses involve a huge amount of psychological sequel and imposing a serious impact on the personal development of the children (Bonnar-Kidd, 2010). However, it has been observed that the child sexual abuses are often the result of physical aggression committed from the end of the offenders, which can be controlled by developing the mental state of the abuser to a certain extent. Hence, with this understanding, societies have today become engaged with developing their strategic rehabilitation programs to curtail the instances of child abuse (Bloom, 2004). Emphasizing this particular issue, the research aims to identify the rehabilitation program for child sex offenders as well as the identified effectiveness of such programs towards reducing the cases of sexual abuse of children to offer e ffective solutions from a critical perspective. Sexual offenses can take place on a wider spectrum that might be committed in the form of rape and other crimes. Sexual offenders have been prevalent in all the sections of the society wherein most of the cases were referred to as inter family issues. The child sexual abuse, also referred as child molestation, that have been occurring in the various sections of the society, are further observed to impose strong negative impacts on the mental and cognitive developments of the child victims (Tabachnick & Klein, 2011). It is quite evident that majority of the offenses often remains unrecorded, leading to the failure of the authority to take proper steps that would allow to effectively handle the effect of the instance (Gelb, 2007). Owing to the fact that the victims of the sex offenses are mostly children who lack adequate awareness or

The Goddess of 1967 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Goddess of 1967 - Essay Example The film, The goddess of 1967 (Law, 2000) has a duration of 118 minutes in which the viewer is invited to traverse a beautiful physical landscape that parallels a bizarre and melancholy emotional landscape. Before immigrating to Australia, Clara Law, the director of this film, had made a number of films in Hon Kong which won good reception also (Phillips, 2001). This particular film had earned entry into prestigious film festivals like Venice and Toronto film festival (Phillips, 2001). The theme of the film is a journey undertaken by two strangers- a man and a woman- under odd circumstances, and the recollections they make of their lives through which they heal themselves as well. On surface, it is for the sake of a car, the whole journey is undertaken, but deep inside it is a journey through one’s own self for the protagonists. This was a movie that perplexed its viewers so that they were divided into its fans and foes (Coyle, 2005, p.67). Only two things that are seemingly perfect in this film are 1) the car, which is a much coveted Citroen DS, and 2) the natural beauty that encompasses the visual narrative of the film. Everything else is flawed- the minds of the characters, the life situations and the memories. Yet the beauty of the car is paralleled by the beauty of the landscape in each frame in which they appear together. And the film, like many other travel films, shows how the emotional wounds are healed by mutual understanding and companionship, by revisiting the past with a retrospective calmness. What the director tries to explain This film is about a lot many things including the mechanical life that one encounters in a city, the helplessness of human existence, loneliness, crime and the baser elements of human mind. Chaudhuri (2007) has called this film based on â€Å"themes of exile† whe rein the male protagonist is a temporary migrant in Australia and the female protagonist is alienated from her society and family in her own land and hence living a life of exile (p.122). Fung Cheu (2007) on the other hand has opined that the theme of this film is â€Å"cultural dislocation† (p.129). From a direct view point, this film has been also called the story of an abused woman (Fung Cheu, 2007, p.141) By making a car the major presence in this film, a car with a history, a car venerated as perfect and elegant in all times, the film contrasts the perfection of a machine with the liveliness of even a flawed human existence. A machine cannot sin against its design and it is built to behave, but a human being is prone to vices but still retains a hand full of godly moments in his/her life. In a feminist interpretation of the presence of this car in this film, some critics (Senzani and Florida Atlantic University, 2008) have said that the car represented a channel of †Å"escape†¦ for the abused women†, and even a â€Å"mobile home† (p.431). It is also a depiction of how circumstances make and carve human characters. The film is made in such a way that this conclusion can be arrived at either with pessimism or optimism. The beauty of the film is in that it never advises the viewer to make either of this choice. The director herself has called this film â€Å"an attempt to portray the dysfunctional character of contemporary life and personal relations† (as cited by Phillips, 2001). The isolation that comes inevitably with urbanization, the bizarre ways in which humans try to relate, even by trying to love reptiles and strangers, and the visible absence of a community around human lives, are some aspects that gets subtly discussed in this film.

Managing Finances for a Better Future Essay Example for Free

Managing Finances for a Better Future Essay In American society, we are encouraged to save money for a better future. However, in my life I have encountered problems with managing my personal finances. In the past, I spent my money irresponsibly. Despite making a decent salary, it was a challenge trying to maintain my financial responsibilities and not something I was very concerned about. I felt as though I was living paycheck to paycheck, when the reality was I simply did a poor job of managing my funds. Now that I have grown up and have a son, my expenses have increased tremendously. Although he is my biggest joy, having to take care of him has worsened my inability to manage and save money properly. When I should be saving money for his college education, instead I spent $500 on toys for Christmas. Therefore, learning how to effectively manage my finances is vitally important in order to secure a healthy and rewarding future for myself and my son. Information to Resolve My Daily Problem As I consider how to resolve my constant problem of saving money, I have identified these information sources as possible resources: 1.  I would use my 401(k) investment catalog to discover more information about how to invest money into different stocks and bonds. 2. I would contact Diana Marrero-Pinto, Director of Housing at the Lorain County Community Action Agency, Inc. to register for the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar. 3. I would search the Internet for reliable resources on how to save money in a bad economy. I would look for such resources in the following manner. I would contact my 401(k) representative to schedule a meeting to discuss my account and possible investments. I would contact Diana Marrero-Pinto to discuss the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar and other training opportunities. I would visit the University of Phoenix Library for articles and book excerpts on budgeting and saving money. Process for Evaluating My Resources In order to evaluate the information that I would gather to resolve my problem, I would consider the source of that information. If I am interviewing professionals, I would ensure that they have a background in finance or experience working with people on how to manage their personal finances. If I am looking at Internet resources, I would be cautious nreliable websites that contain non-factual information. I believe, the Wall Street Journal website has reliable information since it is a nationally renowned newspaper in the United States. Another really reliable resource would be the University of Phoenix Library, because college officials ensure the information is reliable for students. The articles and books available on the University of Phoenix Library allow thousands of students to feel confident about the reliability and accuracy of the resources retrieved from the website. Ways to Use This Information to Resolve the Problem The process of problem-solving includes the ability to utilize self-knowledge to figure out solutions to a problem (Carter, Bishop, Kravits, 2007). I believe there are four stages in problem-solving: analyzing, synthesizing, applying, and evaluating. First, analyze the problem or issue by identifying the possible causes for why the problem occurred. Next, synthesize all the data that explains the problem and brainstorm possible solutions. According to Carter, Bishop, and Kravits (2007), â€Å"When you are brainstorming ideas, don’t get hooked on finding the one right answer. Questions may have many â€Å"’right answers’- or many answers that have degrees for usefulness† (para. 52). From these possible solutions create a plan of action, outlining important goals with timeframes for completion. Once the goals and timeframes are established, I will begin to apply the goals set forth in order to solve my problem. Later, I will evaluate the process it took to solve my problem, and decide if the process was dependable. This will help me to make better decisions in the future.

The Yellow Wall-Paper -- essays research papers

Falling from the Shoulders of Giants: The Yellow Wall-Paper as a Classic Example of the Dangers of Human Arrogance Progressive dementia is the process by which an individual gradually losses their intellectual capacity and personality integration. In "The Yellow Wall-Paper," Gilman captures the essence of the journey to madness via her use of first person narration. The relationship between Jane, the narrator of the story, and her husband John provokes an uneasy curiosity in the reader. While the evidence that John sincerely cares for his wife and is attempting everything in his power to facilitate her recovery is apparent, a careful analysis of the story alludes to the possibility that he may be, perhaps inadvertently, at the root of her insanity. Since "The Yellow Wall-Paper" is written in first-person, the reader's view of each of the characters is limited by the narrator’s descriptions. Armed with that bit of a priori knowledge, we can get a feel for the relationship between John and Jane as represented by Jane’s view of her husband and Jane’s views of herself in her husband's eyes. Jane views herself as a "comparative burden (3)" to her husband. She obviously wants to be a good wife, but her current condition seems to reinforce a latent inferiority complex. Jane says that John "laughs at her so about this wall-paper!" This statement provides evidence that Jane also suffers from delusions of persecution. It is unlikely that John ... The Yellow Wall-Paper -- essays research papers Falling from the Shoulders of Giants: The Yellow Wall-Paper as a Classic Example of the Dangers of Human Arrogance Progressive dementia is the process by which an individual gradually losses their intellectual capacity and personality integration. In "The Yellow Wall-Paper," Gilman captures the essence of the journey to madness via her use of first person narration. The relationship between Jane, the narrator of the story, and her husband John provokes an uneasy curiosity in the reader. While the evidence that John sincerely cares for his wife and is attempting everything in his power to facilitate her recovery is apparent, a careful analysis of the story alludes to the possibility that he may be, perhaps inadvertently, at the root of her insanity. Since "The Yellow Wall-Paper" is written in first-person, the reader's view of each of the characters is limited by the narrator’s descriptions. Armed with that bit of a priori knowledge, we can get a feel for the relationship between John and Jane as represented by Jane’s view of her husband and Jane’s views of herself in her husband's eyes. Jane views herself as a "comparative burden (3)" to her husband. She obviously wants to be a good wife, but her current condition seems to reinforce a latent inferiority complex. Jane says that John "laughs at her so about this wall-paper!" This statement provides evidence that Jane also suffers from delusions of persecution. It is unlikely that John ...

Food Delivery Essay

Introduction Food is a basic necessity. The industry which deals with preparing food items/products refers to the food service industry. The food service industry is and will always remain in high demand because of its genre. These industries include restaurants, fast foods, school and hospital cafeterias, catering operations, food carts and food trucks etc. Restaurants and fast foods mainly contribute to the food service industry. 1 Fast food generally refers to the type of restaurants that sell quick, inexpensive take-out food. During a relatively brief period of time, the fast food industry has helped to transform not only diet, but also landscape, economy, work-force, and popular culture. The extraordinary growth of the fast food industry has been obsessed by fundamental changes in society. The whole experience of buying fast food has become so habitual, that it is now taken for granted, like brushing your teeth or stopping for a red light. Restaurants and fast foods are meant for same services except that restaurants offer a large menu including a variety of cuisines as compared to fast foods, which usually offers a small menu with quick service. Another difference between a restaurant and fast food is, restaurants offer meals that are cooked and prepared and is eaten at the premises while fast food usually is pre-cooked meals or serves meals that are cooked easily. Diners may eat it inside the store or they can order their food â€Å"to-go†. In fast foods you usually pay before eating unlike full service restaurants. 2 Foodservice organizations in operation in the United States today have become an accepted way of life, and we tend to regard them as relatively recent innovations. However, they have their roots in the habits and customs that characterize our civilization and predate the Middle Ages. Certain phases of foodservice operations reach a well-organized from as early as feudal times. Religious orders and royal households were among the earliest practitioners of quantity food production. Records show that the food preparation carried out by the abbey brethren reached a much higher standard than food served in the inns at that time. The royal household, with its hundreds of retainers, and the households of nobles, often numbering as manyas 150 to 250 persons, also necessitated an efficient foodservice. In providing for the various needs, strict cost accounting was necessary, and here, perhaps, marks the beginning of the present-day scientific foodservice cost accounting. 3 The history of food delivery services traces its inception over sixty years. Since this time food delivery services still have the same basic principle to ensure that members of the community can have a hot, tasty and enjoyable meal. The first meal delivery services are believed to have been started during Wartime, London. As a result of the Blitz, many Londoners had lost their homes and their ability to cook for themselves. In response to this need the WVS (Women’s Volunteer Service) produced meals and delivered them to people who had lost practically everything. This caring approach was carried on in various areas of the UK where injured servicemen were provided meals by volunteers in the local vicinity. After the war the first true food delivery service evolved in Hemel Hempstead in 1947. The recipients were still servicemen who were incapable of cooking their own meals but instead of the vans used to transport meals today, these early services apparently used prams, lined with felt and even straw to ensure that the meal was delivered warm. Understandably this type of service was extremely labour intensive requiring a vast network volunteers, each with good cooking knowledge and skills. Today, the processes involved incorporate mass production principles. In the UK food delivery services operate in a number of different ways. There are agency led programmes, typically ran in conjunction with local councils to cater for the local population. There are also private services that cater for those people that would like the benefits of food delivery but do not necessarily meet all of the criteria. In the modern age there are also a number of different ways in which the food is delivered. Some programmes deliver meal that are cooked in a central location and then kept warm as they are delivered. Other programmes cook the food, allow it to cool and then cook the food before delivery in mobile units that both cook and deliver the food. The final type of programme delivers frozen meals that can be heated by the recipient in the microwave or oven. Modern technological research and development related to the food service have brought many advances in methods of food delivery service and in part from the production system and from the complicity of modern day food service operation. 4 Nowadays there are a range of different fooddelivery services out there catering for the elderly, disabled and also those with special dietary requirements. It is commitment development to caring and ensuring people eat well that has been a consistent theme throughout the of food delivery services. The objective of this study is to know the status of selected Food Delivery Service in Legazpi City which delved into the status, perception of respondents, problems encountered, and the possible intervention may be offered to solve the problem. Statement of the Problem The study focuses on the food delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City. Specifically it sought to answer the following questions. 1. What is the status of food delivery service in Legazpi City, In terms of; a. Packages Offered b. Marketing Strategy c. Time 2. What is the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of; a. Packages b. availability of order c. Time 3. What are the problems encountered by respondents. In terms of; a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation 4. What are the possible interventions that may offered to solve the problem encountered; in term of; a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation Assumption of the Study 1. The Status of Food Delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City varies in terms of packages offered, marketing strategy, and time. 2. The perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of packages, availability of order, and quality of the food. 3. There are problems encountered by the respondents in terms ofas 150 to 250 persons, also necessitated an efficient foodservice. In providing for the various needs, strict cost accounting was necessary, and here, perhaps, marks the beginning of the present-day scientific foodservice cost accounting. 3 The history of food delivery services traces its inception over sixty years. Since this time food delivery services still have the same basic principle to ensure that members of the community can have a hot, tasty and enjoyable meal. The first meal delivery services are believed to have been started during Wartime, London. As a result of the Blitz, many Londoners had lost their homes and their ability to cook for themselves. In response to this need the WVS (Women’s Volunteer Service) produced meals and delivered them to people who had lost practically everything. This caring approach was carried on in various areas of the UK where injured servicemen were provided meals by volunteers in the local vicinity. After the war the first true food delivery service evolved in Hemel Hempstead in 1947. The recipients were still servicemen who were incapable of cooking their own meals but instead of the vans used to transport meals today, these early services apparently used prams, lined with felt and even straw to ensure that the meal was delivered warm. Understandably this type of service was extremely labour intensive requiring a vast network volunteers, each with good cooking knowledge and skills. Today, the processes involved incorporate mass production principles. In the UK food delivery services operate in a number of different ways. There are agency led programmes, typically ran in conjunction with local councils to cater for the local population. There are also private services that cater for those people that would like the benefits of food delivery but do not necessarily meet all of the criteria. In the modern age there are also a number of different ways in which the food is delivered. Some programmes deliver meal that are cooked in a central location and then kept warm as they are delivered. Other programmes cook the food, allow it to cool and then cook the food before delivery in mobile units that both cook and deliver the food. The final type of programme delivers frozen meals that can be heated by the recipient in the microwave or oven. Modern technological research and development related to the food service have brought many advances in methods of food delivery service and in part from the production system and from the complicity of modern day food service operation. 4 Nowadays there are a range of different food delivery services out there catering for the elderly, disabled and also those with special dietary requirements. It is commitment development to caring and ensuring people eat well that has been a consistent theme throughout the of food delivery services. The objective of this study is to know the status of selected Food Delivery Service in Legazpi City which delved into the status, perception of respondents, problems encountered, and the possible intervention may be offered to solve the problem. Statement of the Problem. The study focuses on the food delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City. Specifically it sought to answer the following questions. 1. What is the status of food delivery service in Legazpi City, In terms of; a. Packages Offered b. Marketing Strategy c. Time 2. What is the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of; a. Packages b. availability of order c. Time 3. What are the problems encountered by respondents. In terms of; a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation 4. What are the possible interventions that may offered to solve the problem encountered; in term of; a. Time b. Weather Condition c. Food Presentation Assumption of the Study 1. The Status of Food Delivery services offered by Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City varies in terms of packages offered, marketing strategy, and time. 2. The perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in Legazpi City in terms of packages, availability of order, and quality of the food. 3. There are problems encountered by the respondents in terms of time, weather condition, and food presentation. 4. There are possible intervention that may be offered to solve the problems encountered by the respondents in terms of of time, weather condition, and food presentation. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study will discuss about Fast food Delivery Services in Legazpi City. It includes packages offered, marketing strategy, and time as well as the perception of the respondents in a Fast Food Establishment in terms of packages, availability of order, and time. It also includes the problems encountered by the respondents in terms time, weather condition, and food presentation. There are possible intervention that may offered to solve the problems encountered in terms of time, weather condition, and food presentation. The population of the study were four (4) owner or manager, twenty-five (25) customer and four (4) delivery man or runner of a fast food delivery services with a total of thirty-three (33) respondents. This study will focus on four well known Fast – Food Chains that offered delivery services in Legazpi City, including McDonald’s, Jollibee, Graceland and Chowking, Fast Food Chains not cited on the above statement are not included in this study. Significance of the Study. This study is significant to the following concern individuals. Franchisees. Findings of this study will provide them additional knowledge and strategies on how to increase their usual sales result of this study will be able to encourage potential investors. This study will also provide some information about how to manage a food delivery service. Delivery Man/Runner. Findings of this study will give the workers the benefit and compensation regarding Customers. Findings of this study will provide them information about what to expect with different ways of delivering the food to the customer. It will also give them an idea about their service that they avail. Researchers. Findings of this study will give the students an exposure and knowledge on how the food delivery is being process. And to further explain the food delivery process. Future Researchers. Results will lead them through further research. The result being gathered may be used as reference for their further studies and better understanding. Notes Delivery Man (though you could be female) and Runner is sometimes used in a few locations who sell meals that can be delivered.